EPIRUS
4000 YEARS OF GREEK HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION
ISBN 960-213-377-5
480 pages, over 350 colour illustrations, maps and drawings
Format : 30*23.5 cm
EPIRUS, 4000 years of Greek History and Civilization is the second volume in the series " Greek Lands in History", the first volume of which, MACEDONIA, has already appeared, and which will include four more, devoted to Thrace, Asia Minor, Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. The series marks a new departure in the international bibliography, in that it presents the continuous presence over time of the Hellenism in six major border areas, each of which developed its own historical and cultural tradition, but exercised a decisive influence on the Greek culture as a whole.
http://www.geocities.com/northepirus/history.html
Edited by: Kartadolofonos at: 11/4/03 1:39 am
bato Registered User
Posts: 2
(11/4/03 5:45 pm) Reply
.
Do you mean 5000 years of Illyrian history?
The ancient greek writers stated them selves that the land of Epirus was exclusively inhabited by non-hellinic barbarous peoles.
Re: You stupid Albanians!!!
Despotate of Epiros of 14th century AD,before Ottoman rule was Greek.
During the 10th Century AD, before Ottoman Rule, Albania was known as Thema of Dyrrachion and Thema of Nikopoulis.
Albania as a nation was non-existant before Ottoman Rule. Before Ottoman Rule Albania was known as Despotate of Epiros and was part of Greece.
Anyway Albanians can keep their artificial nation, without intentions they are protecting Greece in some wierd twist afterall Greek corporations control 55% of Albanian cash-flow, Greece will have influence on Albanian politicians. Those that control the cash flow usually do.
Re: You stupid Albanians!!!
YOU KNOW WHAT? FORGET IT , , ITS JUST SAD , I MEAN ME I WAS BORN AND RAISED IN FLORINA MAKEDONIA , BUT MY GRANDMA WAS ROM NORTHERN EPIRUS, I HAVE THE FIRST BOOK MACEDONIA GREEK LANDS IN HITORY , TRUST ME IT IS WELL WORTH IT, THAT BOOK EXPLAINS EVERYTHING PERFECTLY ,
NE WAYS WHERE CAN I PURCHASE THE EPIRUS GREEK LANDS IN HISTORY BOOK DO YOU KNOW?
---------------The TRUTH--------------
The Name Of Epirus Was Given by the Hellenes.
It Was Given Be The "Corcyrians" in Corfu wich is
probably reasonable to give that name,because the
land accross them was "Epirus" as they were in an Island.
The region of epirus by most of the facts that ancient
historians have given to us seems to be a non greek region:
1)"Thucydides" In his book (Peloponessian War) He discribes
the Barbarian Allies of the Peloponessians.
"From the Hellenes there were the Ambraciots, Leucadians and 1000 Peloponessian hoplites." "From the Barbarians there were: 1000 Chaones wich have no King but 2 Prostats for 1 year Fotis and Nikanores.
The Chaones are joint by Thesprotes wich they to have no King.
In the head of the Mollosians and the Atintanians was
Sabylinthius wich was the tutor of King Tharypa (yet still a child).
There were also the Parauej with ther King Oroides and 1000 Orestes."
2)"Skylaks" He writes around (370-360 b.c) A Geographic book.
He describes the People that lives in Adriatic and Ionian region. "In The North Adriatic lives the tribe of the Liburnians,
"The middle and the South Adriatic sea Is Populated By Illyrians"
"The Ionian sea is devided Between Chaons and Thesprots.Between them The Mollosians
have opened an exit to the sea wich is (40 stadia=8Km)."
"After Mollosia it comes Ambracia an Hellenic Polis,which is (80 stadia) away from the sea"
"From there and down is Hellas no end"[/i]
3)Plutarch-----------(Pyrrhus)------------
In his Book it is said:
"From him Achilles came to have divine honours in Epirus, under the name of Aspetus,
in the language of the country"
Aspetus=Speito in Albanian and Fast in English.
Pyrrhus was brought at the home of the Illyrian King Glaucias:
"Thus being safe, and out of the reach of pursuit, they addressed themselves to
Glaucias, then King of the Illyrians,and finding him sitting at home with his wife,
they laid down the child before them."
He was rised as an Illyrian Prince:
"At present, therefore, he gave Pyrrhus into the charge of his wife, commanding he should
be brought up with his own children; and a little later, the enemies sending to demand him,
and Cassander himself offering two hundred talents, he would not deliver him up;
but when he was twelve years old, bringing him with an army into Epirus, made him king."
The Brotherhood between him and Glaucias sons:
"He took a journey out of the kingdom to attend the marriage of one of Glaucias's sons,
with whom he was brought up;"
Strabo:
He has writen about the passengers wich passes the Egnatia road(Via Egnatia): "Starting from Epidamnus(Durres,Dyrrahio) and down to Apollonia,
in the Right they have the tribes of Epirus.....,
in the Left they have the mountains of Illyria.....Then Sailing from Ambracian Golf and on, the places wich is in the East and across Peloponnesous are Helle
Also he writes: "After the Epirots and Illyrians,
from the Hellenes are Akarnanes,Etoles,Lokries and Ezoles
Appianus:---------(Historia Romana)-----------
In his book "Historia Romana" it is an article about the Illyrians: "The Hellenes call Illyrians, those people wich live across
Thrace and Macedonia from Chaones and Thesprotes till the river of Istria"
Ephores:
He sais that: "the Head(start) of Hellas,
is Akarnania from the West,because it is the
first that contacts with the Epirots tribes"
Malte Brun (Geographer from Danmark)
Analised the Geography of Strabon, and came to concluson that Etolia and Akarnania, where considered by Ancient Greeks as Semi-Barbarians
Strabo and Plutarchus
they write that "Epirots speek a different language from the Greek"
it resembles very much to Macedonian"
Puqueville:
when he speaks about Etolia and Akarnania, he sais that: these places are called Shqiperia, and the inhabitants where calld Shqiptar
Ch.Brouchneri (Geographer of the king of England)
Albania(Shqiperia) is a province of European Turkey, In north it borders with Bosnia and Dalmatia,
In south whith Livadhia,in East with Thesalia and Macedonia
Teodor Momsen (Historian)
In his Book: (History of Ancient Rome).
he calls the Epirotians, Albanians(Shqiptars) of antiquety
Laibnic (the so called Aristotles of modern times)
in his letter sent in 24 January 1705, he writes that
"The Language of Ancient Epirots maight exist somewere in Epirus"
the same believes and
J.E.Tunman: In Epirus lived only non-greeks populations, they spoke Macedonian which is the same with illyrian.the same believes and F.Bop,
J.R.F.Ksilander, J.G.F.Han, J.F.Falmerajer , T.Mommsen
P.Krecmer
He sais that:
All the group of North Tribes, from the borders of Epirus, at least from the times of Herodotus, had been called Illyrians, or Hyllirians which is more ancient.
Edison L.Clark
He writes :
Albanians, Arnauts as the turks calls them, or Shqiptars,
live in the territory of ancient Epirus and in the territory of illyrians in East Macedonia. From Montenegro(North) till the Ambracian Golf (South).
He continues : Ancient Epirots are different from Ancient Greeks, like Albanians from todays Greeks.Epirots and Illyrians where neighbour tribes , but of the same blood, which spoke different dialects of the same language.
----<Catholic Encyclopedia of 1900>-----
Albania
The ancient Epirus and Illyria, is the most western land occupied by the Turks in Europe.
Its extreme length is about 290 miles, and its breadth from forty to ninety miles. On the west and southwest it is bounded by the Adriatic and the Ionian seas. It is generally divided into three regions: Upper Albania, from the Montenegrin frontier to the river Shkumbi; Lower Albania, or Epirus, from the Shkumbi to the Gulf of Arta; and Eastern Albania, to the east of the Schar-Dagh chain.... After Scutari, Yanina is the largest and most interesting town of modern Albania.
Statistics that prof. Nikolla Jorga gives us about the Cameria population in 1912 the year when it was occupied from Greece, in his Albanian History book that he wrote in French in 1919.
The demographic map of British military mission sent to the British government in London indicates that on the eve of the second World War, 75 % of Cameria population was Albanian.
- The pro-Greek historian Spiro Muselimi, in his book “Historical Sight Through Thesprotia”, edited in Joannina on 1974, wrote that “The bishop of Thesprotia in the year 1870 translated some parts of Bible into Albanian, as the people of orthodox faith of the region did not understand any word in Greek”.
Re: TROJAN, Greek TROIA
Troy
Troy, Greek TROIA, also called ILIOS, OR ILION, Latin TROIA, TROJA, OR ILIUM, ancient city in northwestern Anatolia that holds an enduring place in both literature and archaeology. The legend of the Trojan War is the most notable theme from ancient Greek literature and forms the basis of Homer's Iliad. Though its present-day ruins are not of vast extent, Troy is a key archaeological site whose many layers illustrate the gradual development of civilization in northwestern Asia Minor.
Geography
Ancient Troy commanded a strategic point at the southern entrance to the Dardanelles (Hellespont), a narrow strait linking the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea via the Sea of Marmara. The city also commanded a land route that ran north along the west Anatolian coast and crossed the narrowest point of the Dardanelles to the European shore. Troy probably used its site astride these two lines of communication to exact tolls from trading vessels and other travelers using them. This practice probably accounted for the wealth of ancient Troy; it may also have been the Greeks' actual motive in waging war against the city, which chronically interfered with their trade through the Dardanelles.
The Troad (Greek Troias; "Land of Troy") is the district formed by the northwestern projection of Asia Minor into the Aegean Sea. The present-day ruins of Troy itself occupy the western end of a low descending ridge in the extreme northwest corner of the Troad. Less than 4 miles (6 km) to the west, across the plain of the Scamander River, is the Aegean Sea, and toward the north are the narrows of the Dardanelles.
Archaeology
The approximate location of Troy was well known from references in works by ancient Greek and Latin authors. But the exact site of the city remained unidentified until modern times. A large mound, called Hisarlik (or Hissarlik) by the Turks, had long been known to hold the ruins of a city named Ilion that had flourished in Hellenistic and Roman times. In 1822 Charles McLaren suggested that this was the site of Homeric Troy, but for the next 50 years his suggestion received little attention from classical scholars, most of whom regarded the Trojan legend as a mere fictional creation based on myth, not history. The German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann deserves full credit for adopting McLaren's identification and demonstrating to the world that it was correct. In seven major and two minor campaigns between 1870 and 1890, Schliemann conducted excavations on a large scale mainly in the central area of the Hisarlik mound, where he exposed most of the remains of the Early Bronze Age. After Schliemann's death in 1890, the excavations were continued (1893-94) by his colleague Wilhelm Dörpfeld and later (1932-3 by an expedition from the University of Cincinnati headed by Carl W. Blegen.
Before excavations began, the mound rose to a height of 105 feet (32 m) above the plain. It contained a vast accumulation of debris that was made up of many clearly distinguishable layers. Schliemann and Dörpfeld identified a sequence of nine principal strata, representing nine periods during which houses were built, occupied, and ultimately destroyed. At the end of each period when a settlement was destroyed (usually by fire, or earthquake, or both), the survivors, rather than clear the wreckage down to the floors, merely leveled it out and then built new houses upon it.
The nine major periods of ancient Troy are labeled I to IX, starting from the bottom with the oldest settlement, Troy I. In periods I to VII Troy was a fortified stronghold that served as the capital of the Troad and the residence of a king, his family, officials, advisers, retinue, and slaves. Most of the local population, however, were farmers who lived in unfortified villages nearby and took refuge in the citadel in times of danger. Troy I to V corresponds roughly to the Early Bronze Age (c. 3000 to 1900 BC). The citadel of Troy I was small, not more than 300 feet (90 m) in diameter. It was enclosed by a massive wall with gateways and flanking towers and contained perhaps 20 rectangular houses. Troy II was twice as large and had higher, sloping stone walls protecting an acropolis on which stood the king's palace and other princely residences, which were built of brick in a megaron plan. This city came to an end through fire, and Schliemann mistakenly identified it with Homer's Troy. In the "burnt layer's" debris were found a trove of gold jewelry and ornaments and gold, silver, copper, bronze, and ceramic vessels that Schliemann named "Priam's treasure." The burning of Troy II seems to have been followed by an economic decline; each of the citadels of Troy III, IV, and V was fortified and somewhat larger than its predecessor, but the houses inside the walls were much smaller and more closely packed than in Troy II.
Troy VI and VII may be assigned to the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (c. 1900 to 1100 BC). Troy at this time had new and vigorous settlers who introduced domesticated horses to the Aegean area. They further enlarged the city and erected a magnificent circuit of cut limestone walls that were 15 feet (4.5 m) thick at the base, rose to a height of more than 17 feet (5 m), and had brick ramparts and watchtowers. Inside the citadel, which was now about 650 feet (200 m) long and 450 feet (140 m) wide, great houses were laid out on ascending, concentric terraces. Troy VI was destroyed by a violent earthquake a little after 1300 BC. Dörpfeld had identified this stage as Homeric Troy, but its apparent destruction by an earthquake does not agree with the realistic account of the sack of Troy in Greek tradition. Moreover, the city's date, as indicated by imported Mycenaean pottery found in the earthquake debris, is too early for the Trojan War.
The survivors of the earthquake quickly rebuilt the town, thus inaugurating the short-lived Troy VIIa. The ruins were leveled and covered over by new buildings, which were set close together and filled all available space inside the fortress. Almost every house was provided with one or several huge storage jars that were sunk deep into the ground, with only their mouths above the level of the floor. Troy VIIa probably lasted little more than a generation. The crowding together of houses and the special measures to store up food supplies suggest that preparations had been made to withstand a siege. The town was destroyed in a devastating fire, and remnants of human bones found in some houses and streets strengthen the impression that the town was captured, looted, and burnt by enemies. Based on the evidence of imported Mycenaean pottery, the end of Troy VIIa can be dated to between 1260 and 1240 BC. The Cincinnati expedition under Blegen concluded that Troy VIIa was very likely the capital of King Priam described in Homer's Iliad, which was destroyed by the Greek armies of Agamemnon.
The partly rebuilt Troy VIIb shows evidence of new settlers with a lower level of material culture, who vanished altogether by 1100 BC. For about the next four centuries the site was virtually abandoned. About 700 BC Greek settlers began to occupy the Troad. Troy was reoccupied and given the Hellenized name of Ilion; this Greek settlement is known as Troy VIII. The Romans sacked Ilion in 85 BC, but it was partially restored by the Roman general Sulla that same year. This Romanized town, known as Troy IX, received fine public buildings from the emperor Augustus and his immediate successors, who traced their ancestry back to the Trojan Aeneas. After the founding of Constantinople (ad 324), Ilion faded into obscurity.
The Trojan War
The classical legends of the Trojan War developed continuously throughout Greek and Latin literature. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the earliest literary evidence available, the chief stories have already taken shape, and individual themes were elaborated later, especially in Greek drama. The story of the Trojan origin, through Aeneas, of Rome helped to inspire Roman interest; book ii of Virgil's Aeneid contains the best-known account of the sack of Troy. Finally there are the pseudo-chronicles that go under the names of Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius.
The Trojan War fought between the Greeks and Troy originated in the following manner. King Priam of Troy was wealthy and powerful; by his wife Hecuba and by concubines he had 50 sons and 12 daughters. But his son Paris was invited to judge which of the goddesses Aphrodite, Hera, and Athena was entitled to receive the golden apple marked by the goddess Eris (Discord) "for the most beautiful." Aphrodite promised Paris the most beautiful woman in the world: he therefore awarded her the apple and went to Greece, where he won the love of, and eloped with, Helen, wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta.
To recover Helen, the Greeks launched a great expedition under the overall command of Menelaus' brother, Agamemnon, king of Argos or Mycenae. The Trojans refused to return Helen. Small towns in or near the Troad were sacked by the Greeks, but Troy, assisted by allies from Asia Minor and Thrace, withstood a Greek siege for 10 years. The gods also took sides, notably Hera, Athena, and Poseidon for the Greeks, and Aphrodite (who had a son, Aeneas, by the Trojan Anchises, grandson of Assaracus), Apollo, and Ares for the Trojans. The Iliad, which is set in the 10th year of the war, tells of the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles, who was the finest Greek warrior, and the consequent deaths in battle of (among others) Achilles' friend Patroclus and Priam's eldest son, Hector.
After Hector's death the Trojans were joined by two exotic allies, Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, and Memnon, king of the Ethiopians and son of the dawn-goddess Eos. Achilles killed both of these, but Paris then managed to kill Achilles with an arrow. Before they could take Troy, the Greeks had to steal from the citadel the wooden image of Pallas Athena (the Palladium) and fetch the arrows of Heracles and the sick archer Philoctetes from Lemnos and Achilles' son Neoptolemus (Pyrrhus) from Skyros; Odysseus and Diomedes achieved all these. Finally, with Athena's help, Epeius built a huge wooden horse. Several Greek warriors hid inside it; the rest of the Greek army sailed away to Tenedos, a nearby island, pretending to abandon the siege. Despite the warnings of Priam's daughter Cassandra, the Trojans were persuaded by Sinon, a Greek who feigned desertion, to take the horse inside the walls of Troy as an offering to Athena; the priest Laocoon, who tried to have the horse destroyed, was killed by sea-serpents. At night the Greek fleet returned, and the Greeks from the horse opened the gates of Troy. In the total sack that followed, Priam and his remaining sons were slaughtered; the Trojan women passed into slavery in various cities of Greece. The adventurous homeward voyages of the Greek leaders were told in two epics, the Returns (Nostoi; lost) and Homer's Odyssey.
The few Trojan survivors included Aeneas, whose descendants continued to rule the Trojans; later tradition took Aeneas' Trojans to Italy as the ancestors of the Romans.
Medieval legends
Medieval European writers, unacquainted with Homer at first hand, found in the Troy legend a rich source of heroic and romantic storytelling and a convenient framework into which to fit their own courtly and chivalric ideals. The chief sources for medieval versions of the story were fictitious eyewitness accounts of the Trojan War by Dictys Cretensis and Dares Phrygius. The key work in the medieval exploitation of the Trojan theme was a French romance, the Roman de Troie (1154-60), by Benoît de Sainte-Maure. Later medieval writers used the Roman de Troie until it was superseded by a Latin prose account, the Historia destructionis Troiae (c. 1287; "History of the Destruction of Troy"), by Guido delle Colonne. The French author Raoul Le Fèvre's Recueil des histoires de Troye (1464), an account based on Guido, was translated into English by William Caxton and became the first book to be printed in English as The Recuyell of the Histories of Troye (c. 1474).
Trojan War
-----------
Trojan War, legendary conflict between the early Greeks and the people of Troy in western Anatolia, dated by later Greek authors to the 12th or 13th century BC. (See Troy.) The war stirred the imagination of the ancient Greeks more than any other event in their history, and was celebrated in the Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer, as well as a number of other early works now lost, and frequently provided material for the great dramatists of the Classical Age. It also figures in the literature of the Romans (e.g., Virgil's Aeneid) and of later European peoples down to the 20th century.
In the traditional accounts, Paris, son of the Trojan king, ran off with Helen, wife of Menelaus of Sparta, whose brother Agamemnon then led a Greek expedition against Troy. The ensuing war lasted 10 years, finally ending when the Greeks pretended to withdraw, leaving behind them a large wooden horse with a raiding party concealed inside. When the Trojans brought the horse into their city, the hidden Greeks opened the gates to their comrades, who then sacked Troy, massacred its men, and carried off its women. This version was recorded centuries later; the extent to which it reflects actual historical events is not known.
denisi25 Registered User
Posts: 1
(11/22/05 5:33 am) Reply
Re: \albanians exist
Albs they exist and nothing can change that
We know they both do not like eachother,,,
we can not rewrite the history where we know albs they exsits where they are and they will always exist in the
You greeks are really stupid and jealous of us Albanians that's why you just make all this non sense stories. But all you do is making your self look more and more ignorants. I thank good milion time a day that I am not near to be a Greek.
Quote:Woodthorpe Tarn, of the British Academy, regarded worldwide as having written the definitive work on Alexander the Great, states in the opening paragraph of his book Alexander the Great that "Alexander certainly had from his father (Philip II) and probably from his mother (Olymbia) Illyrian, i.e. Albanian, blood
H HSTOPIA THS HPEIROS
to Karidolofonos
edited title.
---------------The TRUTH--------------
by an expedition from the University of Cincinnati headed by Carl W. Blegen. 
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